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Background <p>DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic modification that functions in diverse biological processes. High-throughput sequencing has revealed substantial variations in DNA methylation patterns across species. While extensively studied in vertebrates, knowledge of invertebrate DNA methylation remains limited.</p> Results <p>We examined the DNA methylation landscape of the ancient-looking marine mollusk, <i>Nautilus pompilius</i>, a “living fossil”. We identified key DNA methyltransferase genes (<i>DNMT1</i> and <i>DNMT3</i>) by homologous searches against the <i>N. pompilius</i> genome and employed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to characterize methylation patterns. Despite generally similar gene body methylation (gbM) and genome-wide methylation levels to other invertebrates, the <i>N. pompilius</i> exhibits a characteristic low methylation bias specifically in the promoter and first exon regions.</p> Conclusions <p><i>N. pompilius</i> has a typical gene body methylation pattern. Both promoter and gene body methylation may work together to regulate gene expression in <i>N. pompilius</i>. Our research provides valuable information to the ever-expanding methylation map of invertebrates.</p>

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DNA methylation landscape of Nautilus Pompilius

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Yueming Wu,
  • Fan Mao,
  • Xin Dang,
  • Zhi Zhang,
  • Ziniu Yu,
  • Huawei Mu,
  • Yang Zhang,
  • Xiaoyuan Song

摘要

Background

DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic modification that functions in diverse biological processes. High-throughput sequencing has revealed substantial variations in DNA methylation patterns across species. While extensively studied in vertebrates, knowledge of invertebrate DNA methylation remains limited.

Results

We examined the DNA methylation landscape of the ancient-looking marine mollusk, Nautilus pompilius, a “living fossil”. We identified key DNA methyltransferase genes (DNMT1 and DNMT3) by homologous searches against the N. pompilius genome and employed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to characterize methylation patterns. Despite generally similar gene body methylation (gbM) and genome-wide methylation levels to other invertebrates, the N. pompilius exhibits a characteristic low methylation bias specifically in the promoter and first exon regions.

Conclusions

N. pompilius has a typical gene body methylation pattern. Both promoter and gene body methylation may work together to regulate gene expression in N. pompilius. Our research provides valuable information to the ever-expanding methylation map of invertebrates.