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Background <p>Glutamine (Gln) plays a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of the rumen epithelial barrier in mammals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Gln on histamine-induced barrier damage in yak rumen epithelial cells (YRECs).</p> Results <p>RT-qPCR analysis revealed a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (<i>ZO-1</i>, <i>JAM-A</i>, <i>Claudin-1</i>, and <i>Claudin-4</i>) following 24-hour exposure to 20 µM histamine (HIS group) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In the subsequent experiment, YRECs were first treated with 20 µM histamine for 24&#xa0;h, followed by 8 mM glutamine for 12&#xa0;h (HG group). Gln treatment reversed the histamine-induced downregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins and restored the distribution of ZO-1 at the cell membrane. Transcriptome analysis revealed that co-regulated differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and apoptosis. These findings were further corroborated by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. To determine whether glutamine regulates cell barrier function through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, 20 µM Skatole, a p38 MAPK agonist, was introduced (SK group). The results showed a significant increase in the p-p38/p38 ratio and a marked decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins in the SK group compared to the HG group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>Glutamine mitigates histamine-induced barrier damage in YRECs through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis regulation.</p>

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Transcriptomics insights into glutamine on repairing of histamine-induced Yak rumen epithelial cells barrier damage in vitro

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月25日

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  • Xiaohong Zhang,
  • Rui Hu,
  • Zhisheng Wang,
  • Junmei Wang,
  • Ziqi Yue,
  • Fali Wu,
  • Wenjuan Zhou,
  • Ali Mujtaba Shah

摘要

Background

Glutamine (Gln) plays a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of the rumen epithelial barrier in mammals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Gln on histamine-induced barrier damage in yak rumen epithelial cells (YRECs).

Results

RT-qPCR analysis revealed a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, JAM-A, Claudin-1, and Claudin-4) following 24-hour exposure to 20 µM histamine (HIS group) (P < 0.05). In the subsequent experiment, YRECs were first treated with 20 µM histamine for 24 h, followed by 8 mM glutamine for 12 h (HG group). Gln treatment reversed the histamine-induced downregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins and restored the distribution of ZO-1 at the cell membrane. Transcriptome analysis revealed that co-regulated differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and apoptosis. These findings were further corroborated by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. To determine whether glutamine regulates cell barrier function through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, 20 µM Skatole, a p38 MAPK agonist, was introduced (SK group). The results showed a significant increase in the p-p38/p38 ratio and a marked decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins in the SK group compared to the HG group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Glutamine mitigates histamine-induced barrier damage in YRECs through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis regulation.