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Background <p>The 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (<i>BDH1</i>) mainly participates in the regulation of milk fat synthesis and ketone body synthesis in mammary epithelial cells. In our previous study, <i>BDH1</i> was identified as a key candidate gene regulating lipid metabolism in mammary glands of dairy goats by RNA-seq. This study aimed to investigate the effect of <i>BDH1</i> on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells of dairy goats (GMECs).</p> Results <p>The results suggest that <i>BDH1</i> plays a significant role in reducing triacylglycerol content and lipid droplet accumulation in GMECs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Overexpression of <i>BDH1</i> significantly decreased the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (<i>SREBF1</i> and <i>GPAM</i>) and reduced the levels of C14:0 and C17:1, while increasing <i>FABP3</i> expression and C10:0 concentration (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Interference with <i>BDH1</i> significantly increased the expression of <i>SREBF1</i> and <i>GPAM</i> and the concentration of C14:0, C15:1, and C20:1, but significantly decreased <i>FABP3</i> and C18:0 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Treatment of GMECs with β-hydroxybutyric acid (R-BHBA) significantly decreased the expression of <i>FASN</i>, <i>ACACA</i>, <i>LPL</i>, <i>SREBF1</i>, <i>FABP3</i>, <i>ACSL1</i>, <i>GPAM</i>, <i>DGAT1</i>, and triacylglycerol content, while significantly increasing the expression of <i>BDH1</i> (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Interference with <i>BDH1</i> rescued the reduction of cellular TAG content and the expression of <i>FASN</i>, <i>LPL</i>, <i>SREBF1</i>, <i>ACSL1</i>, and <i>GPAM</i> in BHBA-treated GMECs.</p> Conclusion <p>In conclusion, <i>BDH1</i> negatively regulates lipid metabolism in mammary glands of dairy goats. Furthermore, it may mitigate the inhibitory effect of R-BHBA on lipid metabolism in GMECs.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>BDH1 serves as a negative regulator of milk lipid synthesis in GMECs, and BDH1 counteracts the inhibitory effect of R-BHBA on lipid synthesis in mammary epithelial cells of dairy goats.</p> <p></p>

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BDH1 identified by transcriptome has a negative effect on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells of dairy goats

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Mengke Ni,
  • Saige Zang,
  • Yihan Wang,
  • Xiaochen Qin,
  • Min Tian,
  • Tiantian Xiong,
  • Chong Chen,
  • Yue Zhang,
  • Jun Luo,
  • Cong Li

摘要

Background

The 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) mainly participates in the regulation of milk fat synthesis and ketone body synthesis in mammary epithelial cells. In our previous study, BDH1 was identified as a key candidate gene regulating lipid metabolism in mammary glands of dairy goats by RNA-seq. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BDH1 on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells of dairy goats (GMECs).

Results

The results suggest that BDH1 plays a significant role in reducing triacylglycerol content and lipid droplet accumulation in GMECs (p < 0.05). Overexpression of BDH1 significantly decreased the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (SREBF1 and GPAM) and reduced the levels of C14:0 and C17:1, while increasing FABP3 expression and C10:0 concentration (p < 0.05). Interference with BDH1 significantly increased the expression of SREBF1 and GPAM and the concentration of C14:0, C15:1, and C20:1, but significantly decreased FABP3 and C18:0 (p < 0.05). Treatment of GMECs with β-hydroxybutyric acid (R-BHBA) significantly decreased the expression of FASN, ACACA, LPL, SREBF1, FABP3, ACSL1, GPAM, DGAT1, and triacylglycerol content, while significantly increasing the expression of BDH1 (p < 0.05). Interference with BDH1 rescued the reduction of cellular TAG content and the expression of FASN, LPL, SREBF1, ACSL1, and GPAM in BHBA-treated GMECs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, BDH1 negatively regulates lipid metabolism in mammary glands of dairy goats. Furthermore, it may mitigate the inhibitory effect of R-BHBA on lipid metabolism in GMECs.

Graphical Abstract

BDH1 serves as a negative regulator of milk lipid synthesis in GMECs, and BDH1 counteracts the inhibitory effect of R-BHBA on lipid synthesis in mammary epithelial cells of dairy goats.