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<p>Artisanal gold mining in Zamfara State involves using toxic mercury to separate gold from the ore. Information on the potential impact of mercury on the liver and kidney in cage-free chickens (<i>Gallus domesticus</i>) in areas where gold is extracted in Anka LG is scarce. Compared to non-gold miners, this study determined serum mercury, liver and kidney toxic biomarkers and tissue architecture changes in cage-free chickens from Anka goldfield areas (AGA). Sixty adult apparently healthy chickens were randomly selected from AGA and non-gold mining areas (NGMA) (30 from each location). Hg level was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer with thermal decomposition. Liver and kidney toxic biomarkers and architecture were analysed using biochemical and standard methods. Multivariate, correlation, regression and ANOVA were used to test differences. The mean serum mercury level (0.228&#xa0;μg/L) in cage-free animals of the goldfield was substantially (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) high in contrast to the undetectable mercury level in chickens from non-gold mining areas (NGMA). The mean alkaline phosphatase (41.577&#xa0;U/L) of chickens in AGA was significantly higher than (28.448&#xa0;U/L) that of the non-goldfield. Significantly higher alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase were also observed in chickens from AGA. All significance were at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05. Liver and kidney architecture of chickens from goldfield shows varying degrees of distortion, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolation, sinusoid dilation, renal tubular necrosis, and glomerular shrinkage. Thus, artisanal gold mining causing mercury biomagnification in cage-free chickens may be harmful, as seen by altered liver and kidney toxic biomarkers and tissue architecture.</p>

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Hepato-renal toxicity of mercury bioaccumulation in cage-free chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from gold-producing areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Zainab Abdulmalik,
  • Muftau Shittu,
  • Sani Adamu,
  • Suleiman Folorunsho Ambali,
  • Bolaji F. Oyeyemi

摘要

Artisanal gold mining in Zamfara State involves using toxic mercury to separate gold from the ore. Information on the potential impact of mercury on the liver and kidney in cage-free chickens (Gallus domesticus) in areas where gold is extracted in Anka LG is scarce. Compared to non-gold miners, this study determined serum mercury, liver and kidney toxic biomarkers and tissue architecture changes in cage-free chickens from Anka goldfield areas (AGA). Sixty adult apparently healthy chickens were randomly selected from AGA and non-gold mining areas (NGMA) (30 from each location). Hg level was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer with thermal decomposition. Liver and kidney toxic biomarkers and architecture were analysed using biochemical and standard methods. Multivariate, correlation, regression and ANOVA were used to test differences. The mean serum mercury level (0.228 μg/L) in cage-free animals of the goldfield was substantially (p < 0.05) high in contrast to the undetectable mercury level in chickens from non-gold mining areas (NGMA). The mean alkaline phosphatase (41.577 U/L) of chickens in AGA was significantly higher than (28.448 U/L) that of the non-goldfield. Significantly higher alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase were also observed in chickens from AGA. All significance were at p < 0.05. Liver and kidney architecture of chickens from goldfield shows varying degrees of distortion, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolation, sinusoid dilation, renal tubular necrosis, and glomerular shrinkage. Thus, artisanal gold mining causing mercury biomagnification in cage-free chickens may be harmful, as seen by altered liver and kidney toxic biomarkers and tissue architecture.