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<p>Heat stress is one of the major threats to global rice production globally. Uncovering key genetic regulators of thermotolerance is crucial for breeding climate-resilient crops. While <i>microRNA396</i> (<i>miR396</i>) is known to be heat-responsive, the function and mechanism of its specific member, <i>miR396f</i>, remain elusive. Here, we report that <i>miR396f</i> is a heat-induced miRNA exhibiting predominantly in vascular bundles. Its transcriptional induction was more pronounced in a thermotolerant variety (HT54) than in a heat-sensitive one (HT14), correlating with natural variation in its promoter sequence. Through a multi-step screening, we identified growth-regulation factor 7 (<i>GRF7</i>) as its direct target under heat stress. Genetic evidence demonstrated that the <i>miR396f</i>-<i>GRF7</i> module positively regulates thermotolerance at both the seedling and flowering stages: <i>miR396f</i> knockout lines (<i>396fKO</i>) were heat-sensitive, whereas <i>GRF7</i> knockout lines (<i>grf7</i>) exhibited enhanced thermotolerance. Transcriptome analysis of <i>grf7</i> mutant under heat stress suggested its potential involvement in sugar metabolism pathways. Our study unveils the <i>miR396f</i>-<i>GRF7</i> module as a novel positive regulator of rice thermotolerance, providing valuable genetic targets for future breeding programs.</p>

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The miR396f-GRF7 Module Confers Thermotolerance in Rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Jinsheng Yu,
  • Xinyu Jiang,
  • Xinxin Huang,
  • Yujun Xie,
  • Qiuping Shen,
  • Shen Ni,
  • Nai wu,
  • Bai Li,
  • Qiuhong Luo

摘要

Heat stress is one of the major threats to global rice production globally. Uncovering key genetic regulators of thermotolerance is crucial for breeding climate-resilient crops. While microRNA396 (miR396) is known to be heat-responsive, the function and mechanism of its specific member, miR396f, remain elusive. Here, we report that miR396f is a heat-induced miRNA exhibiting predominantly in vascular bundles. Its transcriptional induction was more pronounced in a thermotolerant variety (HT54) than in a heat-sensitive one (HT14), correlating with natural variation in its promoter sequence. Through a multi-step screening, we identified growth-regulation factor 7 (GRF7) as its direct target under heat stress. Genetic evidence demonstrated that the miR396f-GRF7 module positively regulates thermotolerance at both the seedling and flowering stages: miR396f knockout lines (396fKO) were heat-sensitive, whereas GRF7 knockout lines (grf7) exhibited enhanced thermotolerance. Transcriptome analysis of grf7 mutant under heat stress suggested its potential involvement in sugar metabolism pathways. Our study unveils the miR396f-GRF7 module as a novel positive regulator of rice thermotolerance, providing valuable genetic targets for future breeding programs.