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Background <p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint inflammation and damage. Early clinical diagnosis is crucial for effective intervention but presents significant challenges due to an initial asymptomatic inflammatory phase.</p> Main body <p>Anti-citrullinated-protein antibodies (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) detection have been useful in early RA diagnosis, but their reliability is debatable as they are often non-specific. This has prompted a quest for alternative, more robust biomarkers. Researchers have turned to advanced proteomic and glycosylation analyses of biological fluids (e.g., synovial fluid, plasma and serum) and tissues using techniques such as MALDI-MS, Q-TOF, and SELDI-TOF. These approaches may offer a comprehensive approach to scrutinize a range of biomolecules as potential RA biomarkers, from citrullinated-proteins and peptides to novel potential protein biomarkers such as thymosin, macrophage-capping protein, calgranulins, and serum amyloid-A. Further, proteomics-based approaches have the ability to specifically monitor changes in the RA proteome (e.g., glycosylated VCAM1/SEMA4D proteins and GFAP/A1BG auto-antibodies) to unearth potential diagnostic and prognostic candidates. Disease monitoring in response to anti-rheumatic drugs using treatment-responsive markers, such as S100A8/A9 heterocomplex and leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein, is another application of proteomics-based technologies.</p> Conclusion <p>In view of the significance of prediction, early diagnosis and monitoring of RA symptomatology, this review discusses the potential utilities of proteinaceous species as proteomics-based biomarkers that may provide insights into disease mechanisms and offer potential avenues for personalized therapeutic interventions to revolutionize RA management.</p>

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Proteomic and glycosylation biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis: advancing early diagnosis and precision therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月5日

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  • Preeti Sharma,
  • Shahbaz Aman,
  • Priya Koundal,
  • Shakeel Ahmed Mohammed,
  • Hardeep Kaur,
  • Faraz Ahmad,
  • Sabiha Khatoon,
  • Shafiul Haque,
  • Arif Hussain

摘要

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint inflammation and damage. Early clinical diagnosis is crucial for effective intervention but presents significant challenges due to an initial asymptomatic inflammatory phase.

Main body

Anti-citrullinated-protein antibodies (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) detection have been useful in early RA diagnosis, but their reliability is debatable as they are often non-specific. This has prompted a quest for alternative, more robust biomarkers. Researchers have turned to advanced proteomic and glycosylation analyses of biological fluids (e.g., synovial fluid, plasma and serum) and tissues using techniques such as MALDI-MS, Q-TOF, and SELDI-TOF. These approaches may offer a comprehensive approach to scrutinize a range of biomolecules as potential RA biomarkers, from citrullinated-proteins and peptides to novel potential protein biomarkers such as thymosin, macrophage-capping protein, calgranulins, and serum amyloid-A. Further, proteomics-based approaches have the ability to specifically monitor changes in the RA proteome (e.g., glycosylated VCAM1/SEMA4D proteins and GFAP/A1BG auto-antibodies) to unearth potential diagnostic and prognostic candidates. Disease monitoring in response to anti-rheumatic drugs using treatment-responsive markers, such as S100A8/A9 heterocomplex and leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein, is another application of proteomics-based technologies.

Conclusion

In view of the significance of prediction, early diagnosis and monitoring of RA symptomatology, this review discusses the potential utilities of proteinaceous species as proteomics-based biomarkers that may provide insights into disease mechanisms and offer potential avenues for personalized therapeutic interventions to revolutionize RA management.