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<p>This work analyze the unsteady axisymmetric electro-diffusive flow and heat transfer of a ternary nanofluid between two rotating disks within the Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) framework, using a Tiwari–Das-type effective single-phase mixture description for the ternary nanofluid. The model incorporates electro-viscous effects, a magnetic field, porous-medium resistance, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, homogeneous and surface-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions, and the non-Fourier heat-flux law. The numerical results were obtained utilizing MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. The outcomes show that enhancing the Schmidt number reduces concentration profiles, while increasing the chemical reaction and surface-catalyzed reaction parameters reduces concentration. The temperature field increases with variable thermal conductivity and is more strongly enhanced by blade-shaped nanoparticles than by spherical particles, whereas stronger thermal radiation and larger thermal relaxation reduce the temperature distribution. In addition, increasing the Reynolds number decreases the tangential velocity. These findings provide an integrated numerical assessment of how established electro-viscous, reactive, variable-conductivity, and non-Fourier heat-transfer mechanisms interact in a ternary-nanofluid rotating-disk system.</p>

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Modeling of electro-diffusive ternary nanofluid flow between rotating disks using the Poisson–Nernst–Planck framework with a non-Fourier heat-flux model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Saima Riasat,
  • Saira Iqbal,
  • Sadia Hina,
  • Ahmed Mir,
  • Walid Hassen,
  • Lioua Kolsi,
  • Kaouther Ghachem

摘要

This work analyze the unsteady axisymmetric electro-diffusive flow and heat transfer of a ternary nanofluid between two rotating disks within the Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) framework, using a Tiwari–Das-type effective single-phase mixture description for the ternary nanofluid. The model incorporates electro-viscous effects, a magnetic field, porous-medium resistance, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, homogeneous and surface-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions, and the non-Fourier heat-flux law. The numerical results were obtained utilizing MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. The outcomes show that enhancing the Schmidt number reduces concentration profiles, while increasing the chemical reaction and surface-catalyzed reaction parameters reduces concentration. The temperature field increases with variable thermal conductivity and is more strongly enhanced by blade-shaped nanoparticles than by spherical particles, whereas stronger thermal radiation and larger thermal relaxation reduce the temperature distribution. In addition, increasing the Reynolds number decreases the tangential velocity. These findings provide an integrated numerical assessment of how established electro-viscous, reactive, variable-conductivity, and non-Fourier heat-transfer mechanisms interact in a ternary-nanofluid rotating-disk system.