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<p>In the present study, a green, Phyto-assisted approach was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of <i>Leucas lanata (L. lanata)</i>. The successful formation of AgNPs was evidenced by a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 384&#xa0;nm in the UV–VIS absorption spectrum. Elemental mapping and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis further confirmed the presence of silver, showing a prominent peak at 2.7&#xa0;keV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed distinct crystalline planes, consistent with the results of selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) determined an average particle size of 25.37&#xa0;nm. The nanoparticles exhibited a high zeta potential value, suggesting strong stability attributed to phytochemical-mediated capping, as corroborated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The biosynthesized L-AgNPs displayed potent antioxidant activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 49&#xa0;µg/mL in the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. L-AgNPs exhibited a higher proportion of ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity (12.26%) than the <i>L. lanata</i> extract at a lower concentration of 100&#xa0;µg/mL, indicating enhanced antioxidant potential. Similarly, the FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) value of L-AgNPs (21.56 ± 0.17 µM at 100&#xa0;µg/mL) was significantly greater than that of the aqueous plant extract, further confirming their superior reducing capacity. Moreover, the silver nanoparticles demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>,<i> Escherichia coli</i>,<i> Salmonella abony</i>, and <i>Bacillus subtilis.</i> The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value for <i>L. lanata</i> aqueous extract showed effects between 0.45 and 0.84&#xa0;mg/mL, whereas L-AgNPs showed effects between 0.09 and 0.34&#xa0;mg/mL across bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the silver nanoparticle-synthesizing potential of <i>L. lanata</i>, highlighting its promising applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from the aerial parts of Leucas lanata with enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月28日

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  • Ruchika Sharma,
  • Sheetal Tyagi,
  • Indra Rautela,
  • Rakesh Kumar Bachheti,
  • Archana Bachheti,
  • Limenew Abate Worku

摘要

In the present study, a green, Phyto-assisted approach was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Leucas lanata (L. lanata). The successful formation of AgNPs was evidenced by a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 384 nm in the UV–VIS absorption spectrum. Elemental mapping and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis further confirmed the presence of silver, showing a prominent peak at 2.7 keV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed distinct crystalline planes, consistent with the results of selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) determined an average particle size of 25.37 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited a high zeta potential value, suggesting strong stability attributed to phytochemical-mediated capping, as corroborated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The biosynthesized L-AgNPs displayed potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 49 µg/mL in the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. L-AgNPs exhibited a higher proportion of ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity (12.26%) than the L. lanata extract at a lower concentration of 100 µg/mL, indicating enhanced antioxidant potential. Similarly, the FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) value of L-AgNPs (21.56 ± 0.17 µM at 100 µg/mL) was significantly greater than that of the aqueous plant extract, further confirming their superior reducing capacity. Moreover, the silver nanoparticles demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella abony, and Bacillus subtilis. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value for L. lanata aqueous extract showed effects between 0.45 and 0.84 mg/mL, whereas L-AgNPs showed effects between 0.09 and 0.34 mg/mL across bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the silver nanoparticle-synthesizing potential of L. lanata, highlighting its promising applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

Graphical abstract