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<p>The quantum dot (QD)-enhanced optical biosensors are very sensitive tools for analyzing single cells. Heavy metal-free alternatives, such as indium phosphide and carbon-based QDs, address safety concerns while achieving high&#xa0;quantum efficiency. Photonic enhancement techniques provide 240-fold signal amplification and quality factors of up to 7000, allowing femtomolar detection limits. However, clinical translation encounters manufacturing scalability and stability problems in complex biological matrices. This review discusses synthetic techniques, surface functionalization, and clinical implementation, highlighting important challenges and potential for improving QD-based biosensors.</p>

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Quantum dot enhanced photonic biosensors for single cell analysis from synthesis to clinical application

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Mohammad Hosseini Hooshiar,
  • Javad Hosseini Hooshiar,
  • Saeed Hosseini Hooshiar

摘要

The quantum dot (QD)-enhanced optical biosensors are very sensitive tools for analyzing single cells. Heavy metal-free alternatives, such as indium phosphide and carbon-based QDs, address safety concerns while achieving high quantum efficiency. Photonic enhancement techniques provide 240-fold signal amplification and quality factors of up to 7000, allowing femtomolar detection limits. However, clinical translation encounters manufacturing scalability and stability problems in complex biological matrices. This review discusses synthetic techniques, surface functionalization, and clinical implementation, highlighting important challenges and potential for improving QD-based biosensors.