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<p>The persistent need for fast and sensitive point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 requires alternatives to time-consuming RT-PCR. To address this challenge, we designed and fabricated a novel fluorescence biosensor based on nitrogen/oxygen-doped carbon quantum dots embedded in an epichlorohydrin-modified carboxymethyl cellulose thin film. This robust and easily synthesized platform enabled the immobilization of spike protein-specific monoclonal antibodies, facilitating detection via fluorescence quenching and recovery at Ex/Em 320&#xa0;nm/440 nm. The biosensor was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy, confirming successful doping, nanoscale morphology, and stable optical properties. The biosensor achieved a remarkably low limit of detection of 0.0323 pg/mL across a wide dynamic range of 3.1–700 pg/mL. When validated with clinical nasal swab samples, it demonstrated high analytical performance, with a sensitivity of 95.13% and specificity of 93.1%, along with excellent reproducibility and room-temperature stability. This rapid, cost-effective fluorescence biosensor represents a significant advancement for POC SARS-CoV-2 testing, offering a practical solution for clinical and decentralized diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings.</p>

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Advanced fluorescence biosensor utilizing nitrogen/oxygen-doped carbon quantum dots in a modified carboxy cellulose matrix for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Sarah Alharthi,
  • Maryam Alotaibi,
  • Ali Kh. Khalil,
  • A. H. Hefny,
  • Tarek A. Amin,
  • Ekram H. Mohamed,
  • Hisham. G. Afify,
  • Maha Gomaa,
  • Omar Alfarouk,
  • Mohamed S. Mohy-Eldin,
  • Maymounah A. Alrayyani,
  • Ahmed O. Youssef,
  • Youssef M. Hassan,
  • Shereen S. Maghraby,
  • Nourhan M. Ali,
  • Nour Eddine M. Ghoneimy,
  • Esraa Elshahat,
  • Mona N. Abou-Omar,
  • Mohamed S. Attia

摘要

The persistent need for fast and sensitive point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 requires alternatives to time-consuming RT-PCR. To address this challenge, we designed and fabricated a novel fluorescence biosensor based on nitrogen/oxygen-doped carbon quantum dots embedded in an epichlorohydrin-modified carboxymethyl cellulose thin film. This robust and easily synthesized platform enabled the immobilization of spike protein-specific monoclonal antibodies, facilitating detection via fluorescence quenching and recovery at Ex/Em 320 nm/440 nm. The biosensor was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy, confirming successful doping, nanoscale morphology, and stable optical properties. The biosensor achieved a remarkably low limit of detection of 0.0323 pg/mL across a wide dynamic range of 3.1–700 pg/mL. When validated with clinical nasal swab samples, it demonstrated high analytical performance, with a sensitivity of 95.13% and specificity of 93.1%, along with excellent reproducibility and room-temperature stability. This rapid, cost-effective fluorescence biosensor represents a significant advancement for POC SARS-CoV-2 testing, offering a practical solution for clinical and decentralized diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings.