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Aim <p>This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research trends and emerging hotspots in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for drug delivery and biomedical targeting in photodynamic therapy (PDT).</p> Methods <p>We retrieved 474 publications from the Web of Science (2007–2025) and analyzed publication trends, contributions from countries, institutions, and authors, keyword co-occurrence, citation bursts, and co-citation networks using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, HistCite, and R software.</p> Results <p>UCNP-PDT research progressed through three distinct phases, with China and the USA contributing the most publications. <i>Nanoscale</i> published the highest number of articles, while high-impact reviews appeared in <i>Chemical Society Reviews</i> and <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Emerging research focuses include the tumor microenvironment, metal–organic frameworks, combination therapies, and antimicrobial PDT.</p> Conclusion <p>UCNP-PDT has evolved from simple photosensitizer loading to multifunctional nanoplatforms, expanding applications to cancer therapy, infection control, and immune modulation. Clinical translation remains limited by size–efficiency trade-offs, low-power irradiation, hypoxia, tissue heating under 980&#xa0;nm excitation, GMP-compliant production, and insufficient long-term biosafety data. Future advances require coordinated strategies integrating material optimization, mechanistic insight, and translational considerations to achieve safe, scalable, and effective UCNP-PDT for clinical use.</p>

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Research trends and hotspots of upconversion nanoparticles for drug delivery and biomedical targeting in photodynamic therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Wan-Tong Zheng,
  • Hao-Lin Chen,
  • Xin-Ting Hou,
  • Alina Abakirova,
  • Meng-Yi Han,
  • Yong-Qi Feng,
  • Wan-Ting Huang,
  • Xiao-Chun Mo,
  • Hao-Chun Zhu,
  • Si-Kai Huang,
  • Huan-Dong Lv,
  • Ting Yang,
  • Sha Huang,
  • Zhong-Miao Shi

摘要

Aim

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research trends and emerging hotspots in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for drug delivery and biomedical targeting in photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods

We retrieved 474 publications from the Web of Science (2007–2025) and analyzed publication trends, contributions from countries, institutions, and authors, keyword co-occurrence, citation bursts, and co-citation networks using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, HistCite, and R software.

Results

UCNP-PDT research progressed through three distinct phases, with China and the USA contributing the most publications. Nanoscale published the highest number of articles, while high-impact reviews appeared in Chemical Society Reviews and Advanced Materials. Emerging research focuses include the tumor microenvironment, metal–organic frameworks, combination therapies, and antimicrobial PDT.

Conclusion

UCNP-PDT has evolved from simple photosensitizer loading to multifunctional nanoplatforms, expanding applications to cancer therapy, infection control, and immune modulation. Clinical translation remains limited by size–efficiency trade-offs, low-power irradiation, hypoxia, tissue heating under 980 nm excitation, GMP-compliant production, and insufficient long-term biosafety data. Future advances require coordinated strategies integrating material optimization, mechanistic insight, and translational considerations to achieve safe, scalable, and effective UCNP-PDT for clinical use.