Abstract <p>Nanozymes are a class of artificial nanostructures exhibiting enzyme-like activity that are capable of mimicking the functions of natural enzymes while maintaining high stability and functionality across a wide range of operating conditions. Their feasibility for industrial-scale synthesis and unique catalytic properties open up broad prospects for applications in various sectors of the bioeconomy. This review summarizes recent advances and key application areas of nanozymes, ranging from enhancing the bioavailability of feed additives to their use in veterinary practice and human medicine, including antiviral therapy, wound healing, regenerative technologies, cryopreservation, and antitumor treatment. The advantages of nanozymes over protein enzymes are discussed, and current challenges related to the standardization of evaluation methods and the assessment of long-term biological effects are highlighted. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that nanozymes have the potential to become a pivotal tool in the development of sustainable agriculture, environmental protection, and biomedical technologies, as well as in ensuring food and technological security. This review aims to stimulate further research in nanotechnology and biomaterials science and to promote the translation and practical implementation of nanozymes in advanced technologies and applications in Russia.</p>