Abstract <p>Magnetron sputtering is a promising plasma technology for the synthesis of functional nanostructures for various purposes. Analysis of the results of research conducted at the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” and by other research teams demonstrates the possibility of effectively using magnetron sputtering to solve problems in electrochemical and hydrogen energy. The current areas of application are the synthesis of functional nanostructures such as nanofilms, nanolayers, nanoparticles, and nanocomposites to increase the efficiency and service life of electrochemical devices (hydrogen fuel cells, electrolyzers, lithium-ion and lithium–sulfur batteries); the development of nanostructured hydrogen storage systems based on magnesium hydride, carbon nanomaterials, and certain other compounds; the creation of composite membranes with a nanostructured surface selective/catalytic layer for the purification and release of hydrogen. The results considered indicate the need to expand the application of this technology for creating functional nanostructures in Russia.</p>