Effect of Hydrogen Bonds on the Stability of Nanobubbles in Water

A hypothesis, according to which a charged nanobubble in water with an energetically favorable structure is surrounded by a hydrate layer ~1 nm thick with a permittivity equal to ~3, on top of which a diffuse layer is placed, is energetically substantiated. This reduces the capacity of the nanobubble and increases its Coulomb pressure, for example, by 10 times at a radius of 4 nm, counteracting the Laplace pressure and stabilizing the nanobubble. A formula is given for approximating the pressure increase factor with an error of 20% at r₀ = 5–60 nm.