Biochemical Activity of a Prototype of a Biological Preparation: Composite of Nanoparticles and Plant-Based Carbohydrates

The toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) and composites of metal NPs modified with polysaccharides is assessed by quantitative determination of the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To create the nanocomposites, nanoparticles of copper with a size of 25–40 nm and a specific surface area of 30–60 m²/g; iron, 30–40 nm, 40–50 m²/g; cobalt 30–50 nm, 30–50 m²/g are used, and the polysaccharide of the medicinal plant knotweed is used as a natural polymer. The multifunctional nanobiocomposites possess synergistic properties of the natural polymer matrix and the material of the central nanoscale core. They have a prolonged effect and are less toxic than the NPs themselves. The developed nanocomposites can increase wheat yields by 10–40%, and when introduced into animal feed, increase their growth rates and reduce morbidity.