Abstract <p>The article demonstrates the methods of cognitive modeling of the mutual influence of spatial and economic factors of development in federal-type systems. The socioeconomic system of Russia is studied in the context of three major actors: regions, business structures, and the federal center. In the processes of expanded reproduction of economic relations, regions are responsible for the reproduction of human capital. Business structures are responsible for the reproduction of industrial capital. The federal center, performing the functions of a development institution, helps both actors, while ensuring the achievement of its own interests. Consideration of the socioeconomic system in the maximum possible aggregates of its main subsystems allows us to focus on studying their capabilities and achievable authority when interacting with each other.</p>