Abstract <p>The article proposes for the first time a universal methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emissions by Russian regions. Currently, Russia lacks statistics on greenhouse gas emissions at the regional level, and the existing regional methodology requires significant efforts to collect primary information and conduct an emissions inventory. At the same time, a subnational assessment is particularly relevant for Russia, as a country with significant territorial disproportions. The methodology combines the normative calculation of emissions from primary data using specialized coefficients, as well as the distribution of country values of the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory of the Russian Federation using auxiliary indicators of volume markers. The results showed that greenhouse gas emissions by region are determined primarily by their scale (population and gross regional product) and economic structure (share of extractive and manufacturing industries). The largest volume of greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 was observed in three regions that dominate in oil, gas, and coal production (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Kemerovo oblast). Only in 11 regions is the emission structure dominated not by “Energy,” but by “Agriculture” and “Industrial Processes.” The developed assessment methodology can be used at the national level to adjust measures to achieve carbon neutrality, and at the national and regional levels to develop initiatives in the field of low-carbon development.</p>