Migration Pathways and Wintering Grounds of Young Black Kites (Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783)) from the Central European Part of Russia
摘要
Telemetry is a method used to gather complex data on the movements of tagged birds by remotely monitoring transmitters attached to them. The great mobility of birds makes them difficult to observe from a single point. The spread of telemetry methods has enabled the study of the annual life cycles of birds and bird behavior. In 2023 and 2024, 14 black kite chicks were first fitted with GPS/GSM trackers in Moscow oblast; four birds completed the first migration. In the first year, black kites completed their autumn migration in an average of 71.5 days (n = 4). In the second year, their autumn migration speed increased, with the average duration dropping to 32 days (n = 2). During this time, the birds flew an average of 7864 and 6292 km, respectively. In the first and second year, the black kites wintered in the same territories characterized by arid conditions. The tracked birds migrated for winter to Israel (n = 3) and South Sudan (n = 1). The first wintering period was an average of 169 days (n = 2). The flight during spring migration lasted an average of 38 days (n = 2), with the average total distance travelled being 6069 km. The pathways of the first and second autumn migrations of young black kites were almost the same, while the spring migratory route was slightly different.