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Abstract <p>The Khanka Lowland is a flat area surrounding Khanka Lake. According to the biome classification, it belongs to the Prikhankai pine–oak forest–steppe biome. The Khanka forest–steppe is characterized by a special type of steppe meadows, which include a complex of true steppe species, many of which are located here on the eastern border of their range and are listed in the regional Red Book. One of the most powerful factors affecting the ecosystems of the Khanka Lowland is fires. However, their impact on the Khanka vegetation has not been studied. The aim of our work was to establish the consequences of short-term exposure to pyrogenic factors on the composition and structure of the flora of steppe meadows. This research was carried out in 2023–2024 at seven sites located in the Khankaiskii district on the western coast of Hanka Lake. Data on the burnt areas were extracted using Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite images from open sources. Descriptions were made on 42 10 × 10 m plots in areas in the year of the fire and one, two, and five years after the fires. Data analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) in the R software environment. The number of years since the fire was considered as an independent factor. In addition, the topography and distance to the forest were used as predictors. It was established that the highest species richness (138 species) was noted in the survey sites in the first year after the fire, and the lowest (83&#xa0;species) was noted in areas that had not burned for five years. It was shown that, in the year of the fire, the projective cover of steppe species was significantly greater than one, two, or five years after the fire, while that of nemoral mesophytes, on the contrary, was significantly less. Insignificant changes occur in the species composition of the flora of steppe meadows during pyrogenic fluctuations over the course of 1–5 years. Fires have a significant impact only on the abundance of steppe and nemoral species. In models where the dependent parameter is species diversity, the influence of the pyrogenic factor is not reliable. The topography and distance to oak forest communities have a greater impact on differences in the composition and structure of the flora. However, the overall effect of regular spring and autumn burning is more negative than positive, and only becomes apparent after a longer period.</p>

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The Impact of Fires on the Composition and Structure of the Flora of Steppe Meadows of the Khanka Lowland (Primorskii Krai, Russia)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • E. A. Marchuk,
  • A. K. Kvitchenko,
  • L. A. Zalyautdinova,
  • E. G. Egidarev,
  • S. A. Benkovsky

摘要

Abstract

The Khanka Lowland is a flat area surrounding Khanka Lake. According to the biome classification, it belongs to the Prikhankai pine–oak forest–steppe biome. The Khanka forest–steppe is characterized by a special type of steppe meadows, which include a complex of true steppe species, many of which are located here on the eastern border of their range and are listed in the regional Red Book. One of the most powerful factors affecting the ecosystems of the Khanka Lowland is fires. However, their impact on the Khanka vegetation has not been studied. The aim of our work was to establish the consequences of short-term exposure to pyrogenic factors on the composition and structure of the flora of steppe meadows. This research was carried out in 2023–2024 at seven sites located in the Khankaiskii district on the western coast of Hanka Lake. Data on the burnt areas were extracted using Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite images from open sources. Descriptions were made on 42 10 × 10 m plots in areas in the year of the fire and one, two, and five years after the fires. Data analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) in the R software environment. The number of years since the fire was considered as an independent factor. In addition, the topography and distance to the forest were used as predictors. It was established that the highest species richness (138 species) was noted in the survey sites in the first year after the fire, and the lowest (83 species) was noted in areas that had not burned for five years. It was shown that, in the year of the fire, the projective cover of steppe species was significantly greater than one, two, or five years after the fire, while that of nemoral mesophytes, on the contrary, was significantly less. Insignificant changes occur in the species composition of the flora of steppe meadows during pyrogenic fluctuations over the course of 1–5 years. Fires have a significant impact only on the abundance of steppe and nemoral species. In models where the dependent parameter is species diversity, the influence of the pyrogenic factor is not reliable. The topography and distance to oak forest communities have a greater impact on differences in the composition and structure of the flora. However, the overall effect of regular spring and autumn burning is more negative than positive, and only becomes apparent after a longer period.