Scenario Projecting of Changes in Water Availability for Ecosystems in the Steppe Crimea in the 21st Century

Based on the use of the SWAP land sutface model in combination with scenario projections of the dynamics of the daily values of meteorological characteristics in the territory of the Steppe Crimea until the end of the 21st century obtained using climate models with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, simulations of the components of the water balance and the characteristics of water availability for the region’s ecosystems were carried out for 1961–2100. The climatic values of the average annual near-surface air temperature, annual precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface runoff, underground runoff, real transpiration, potential transpiration, water availability for ecosystems and the efficiency of ecosystem use of soil water resources were obtained for the historical (1981–2010) and two projection (2031–2060 and 2071–2100) periods under different global climate change scenarios: SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. An analysis of changes in these characteristics for the territory of the Steppe Crimea in the 21st century was carried out.