Abstract <p>This review provides information on the development and testing of biologically active surgical suture material at laboratory and clinical conditions. Filaments with antimicrobial effect take the first place among all developments of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). It also describes the development of suture material with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and regenerative effects. The experience of using suture material with stem cells to stimulate angiogenesis and remodel damaged tissues is described. The use of biologically active suture material in a clinic will improve the quality of medical care and reduce the time spent in hospitals and the period of patient disability, which will have a positive economic effect.</p>