The Critical Role of Phosphate Buffers in Cellular Function: From Homeostasis to Disease

Phosphate buffer system function in cellular physiology and its consequences in disease states are thoroughly examined in this review. The review defines, explains the concepts, and types of buffers, as well as the variables affecting buffer capacity, starting with an introduction to the importance of buffers in preserving pH homeostasis. Phosphate buffers’ biological processes and composition are then explored, with an emphasis on their vital function in intracellular pH control. The regulation of enzyme activity, protein stability, cellular signaling, and membrane integrity are among the many cellular processes in which phosphate buffers are involved, and they are covered in additional detail. Furthermore covered in the review are disorders including metabolic acidosis, neurological disorders, and chronic renal disease that are associated with phosphate buffer deregulation. At last, this review offers a thorough summary of the function of phosphate buffers in cellular physiology and their importance in disease states, together with possible therapeutic approaches.