Systemic Endotoxinemia as a Basic Element of Adaptation, Initiation of Systemic Inflammation, and Aging

Systemic endotoxinemia is an obligatory factor of homeostasis and, along with stress, regulates the functional state of adaptive systems, including the immune system, the hyperactivation of which by excess lipopolysaccharides in the general bloodstream (endotoxin aggression) induces systemic inflammation, which underlies the pathogenesis of most, if not all, nosological forms. Aging processes are also based on inflammation, including autoimmune inflammation, which is usually low-intensity. The unity of obligatory factors of adaptation and aging in the form of endotoxin and stress, along with the very nature of immunity, aimed not only at protecting the body but also at its self-destruction, ensures self-renewal of the population and is one of the fundamental bases for the evolution of the species.