Abstract <p>The effect of preliminary irradiation with argon ions (energy of 20 keV, dose of 2.0 × 10²² m^–2, <i>T</i>_irr&#xa0;∼ 700 K) and subsequent exposure to pulsed laser radiation (LR) with a power density of <i>q</i> ∼ 1.2 × 10¹²&#xa0;W/m², pulse duration τ₀ = 50 ns, and the number of pulses from 1 to 4 on the morphology and microhardness of the surface of V–10Ti–6Cr–0.05Zr–0.1Si vanadium alloy is studied. It is found that implantation of Ar⁺ ions in the specified mode leads to the formation of a porous (spongy) structure in the surface layers. It is shown that, as a result of the impact of pulsed LR, a common feature of the destruction of the surface layer of both the initial sample and the sample preliminarily irradiated with argon ions is the formation of a crater surrounded by a parapet. However, in the second case, the parapet is a ring-shaped rim, and there is practically no splashing of metal out of the crater. It is found that, as a result of ultrafast melting and crystallization, a fine-cell structure with a cell size of ∼200 nm is formed in the near-surface layers of samples implanted with Ar⁺ in the region of the crater. Behind the crater, there is a heat-affected zone (HAZ), into which the plasma cloud transfers part of its energy. It is established that, as a result of the combined effect of argon ions and pulsed laser radiation, typical structures are formed in the HAZ, being observed both for this alloy and for vanadium arising under the influence of LR under various modes of preliminary ion implantation. It is found that the microhardness of the surface layers after implantation of Ar⁺ ions into alloy increases slightly. After the impact of pulsed LR on both the initial and preliminarily implanted (by Ar⁺) alloy samples, the microhardness in the crater area first decreases, and then, with an increase in the number of pulsed impacts, a tendency towards its increase is observed. The mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.</p>