Abstract— <p>This article considers the features of phase and structural transformations in composite materials based on the systems of immiscible components Al–Be, Al–Be–Mg, Fe–Cu, and Fe–Cu–Pb under the influence of concentrated energy flows—electric arc, electron and laser beams. It is shown that, when the materials of the Al–Be and Al–Be–Mg systems are exposed to electric arc plasma and electron flows, they melt, followed by grain refinement upon cooling, formation of a heat-affected zone (HAZ), and crystallization of resulting new structures and phases. In the HAZ, the aluminum matrix is enriched in Be particles owing to thermal diffusion processes of their movement. When the Fe–Cu and Fe–Cu–Pb compositions are exposed to arc discharge plasma, pulsed and continuous laser radiation, and an electron flow, the morphology of the near-surface layer changes—the irradiated material in the melt zone is stratified, and the phases crystallize in the solid state. The mechanism of stratification formation is associated with the limited solubility of elements that make up the composition in the liquid and solid states.</p>