Autonomous Navigation Methods in Manned Space Missions and Verification of Orbit Determination Technology Based on Planet Images in the ISS Vector-T Experiment

The development of autonomous navigation methods was initially motivated by the lunar expeditions planned in the 1960s. Further, these methods were verified on the Salyut and Mir orbital stations and the International Space Station (ISS) as a part of the Vector-T experiment. The article focuses on one of the experiment directions—determining and refining the ISS position using the images of the Earth surface from the onboard photospectral system. The paper provides an example of using the technique verified in the Vector-T experiment to determine the position of the Luna-25 automatic station using a Moon image taken from it.