Magnetothermoconvective Instability of Au–Fe₃O₄ Hybrid Casson Nanofluid

The magnetothermoconvective instability of blood in the presence of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles has an important role in the medical field for efficient and targeted drug delivery. In the present work, the Casson fluid model is incorporated to study the starting of convection current in the blood due to the presence of Au–Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The fluid layer is assumed to be internally heated, due to the plausibility of chemical reaction in blood and heat production ability of gold nanoparticles. Normal mode analysis is done and the resulting eigenvalue problem has been solved using Chebyshev spectral method. The effect of Lorentz force, nanoparticle volume fraction, spherical size of nanoparticles, and heat source parameter on the instability of fluidic system has been depicted graphically. The strengthening of Lorentz forces has a stabilizing impact on convection current whereas the heat source parameter, the diameter of the nanoparticle, and the Casson parameter have destabilizing effects.