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Abstract <p>This paper considers meadow and saline wormwoods, which are an original element in the vegetation of intrazonal landscapes of river valleys and intermountain depressions of Buryatia. They are represented by typically saline Central Asian species (with <i>Artemisia schrenkiana</i> and <i>A. nitrosa</i>), as well as meadow species such as the East Asian <i>A. selengensis</i> and Holarctic <i>A. vulgaris</i> and <i>A. mongolica</i>. According to phytocenotic confinement, it is necessary to note the contrast of ecological conditions in the floodplain-terrace complexes of the Dzhida River and saline depressions in the Ivolga valley, reflected in the composition and structure of plant communities. Thus, meadow and meadow–shrub communities on the Dzhida terraces are distinguished by a high projective cover (up to 80% and more), and they often have a thicket character with an abundance of <i>A. selengensis</i>. The floristic composition of the communities is characterized by North Asian and South Siberian elements (<i>Achnatherum sibiricum</i> and <i>Potentilla tanacetifolia</i>), and, in the group of specific species, East Asian ones (<i>A. selengensis</i> and <i>Ribes diacantha</i>). Phytocenoses of the saline vegetation of the Ivolginsk Valley have a low projective cover of grass: 30% at the initial stage of vegetation; by midsummer, in the phase of the beginning of flowering, the participation of wormwood reaches 60% or more. In terms of floristic composition, the communities are poor and monotonous (up to 14–17 species on test sites). They are composed of desert-steppe Central Asian elements: <i>Achnatherum splendens</i>, <i>Plantago salsa</i>, and <i>Artemisia nitrosa</i>, as well as Eurasian saline-steppe species: <i>Limonium gmelinii</i>, <i>Saussurea amara</i>, and others. The wormwoods of Buryatia have in common the absence of α-thujone and zingeberene in the essential oils, unlike the same species from other regions. The division of wormwood essential oils by belonging to the subgenera Artemisia (<i>A. vulgaris</i> and <i>A. selengensis</i>) and Seriphidium (<i>A. schrenkiana</i> and <i>A. nitrosa</i>) is revealed. Due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, wormwood essential oils can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases, digestive disorders, Alzheimer’s, and acute respiratory diseases.</p>

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Meadow and Saline Wormwoods of Buryatia: Phytocoenotic and Chemotaxonomic Features, Essential Oil Composition, and Biopharmaceutical Prospects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月27日

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  • B.-Ts. B. Namzalov,
  • S. V. Zhigzhitzhapova,
  • A. A. Korobkov,
  • M. B.-Ts. Namzalov

摘要

Abstract

This paper considers meadow and saline wormwoods, which are an original element in the vegetation of intrazonal landscapes of river valleys and intermountain depressions of Buryatia. They are represented by typically saline Central Asian species (with Artemisia schrenkiana and A. nitrosa), as well as meadow species such as the East Asian A. selengensis and Holarctic A. vulgaris and A. mongolica. According to phytocenotic confinement, it is necessary to note the contrast of ecological conditions in the floodplain-terrace complexes of the Dzhida River and saline depressions in the Ivolga valley, reflected in the composition and structure of plant communities. Thus, meadow and meadow–shrub communities on the Dzhida terraces are distinguished by a high projective cover (up to 80% and more), and they often have a thicket character with an abundance of A. selengensis. The floristic composition of the communities is characterized by North Asian and South Siberian elements (Achnatherum sibiricum and Potentilla tanacetifolia), and, in the group of specific species, East Asian ones (A. selengensis and Ribes diacantha). Phytocenoses of the saline vegetation of the Ivolginsk Valley have a low projective cover of grass: 30% at the initial stage of vegetation; by midsummer, in the phase of the beginning of flowering, the participation of wormwood reaches 60% or more. In terms of floristic composition, the communities are poor and monotonous (up to 14–17 species on test sites). They are composed of desert-steppe Central Asian elements: Achnatherum splendens, Plantago salsa, and Artemisia nitrosa, as well as Eurasian saline-steppe species: Limonium gmelinii, Saussurea amara, and others. The wormwoods of Buryatia have in common the absence of α-thujone and zingeberene in the essential oils, unlike the same species from other regions. The division of wormwood essential oils by belonging to the subgenera Artemisia (A. vulgaris and A. selengensis) and Seriphidium (A. schrenkiana and A. nitrosa) is revealed. Due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, wormwood essential oils can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases, digestive disorders, Alzheimer’s, and acute respiratory diseases.