Abstract <p>We describe the mathematical model of a rational representative employee in the labor market. The employee distributes his salary between consumption and investments in his competencies. The salary is described by a stochastic differential equation depending on the employee’s competence. The model is formalized as an optimal control problem with an infinite time horizon. A model of group behavior of employees in the labor market is constructed. The density distribution of the employees by the phase variables is described by the Kolmogorov–Fokker–Planck equation with an integral boundary condition. The model is identified by Russian statistics. The qualitative results of employees’ behavior in the labor market are obtained.</p>