Evolution of Acoustic Streaming Inside and Around the Open Tube Resonator

Using the numerical integration of the equations of ideal gas dynamics, written in a conservative form in a cylindrical coordinate system, the velocity and pressure fields inside and around the tube of an open resonator are investigated at the first resonant frequency. The patterns of streamlines of instantaneous and cycle-averaged velocities, as well as the evolution of intense secondary streaming near the open end of the tube are analyzed. An intense secondary streaming inside and around the tube resonator is developed, forming toroidal vortex inside and strong jet outside the tube along the axis. Comparison of simulation results with experimental data of other authors shows good agreement.