Abstract <p>In this investigation a sol-gel technique by using tartaric acid as a chelating agent was used to prepare one of the rare earth orthoferrite PrFeO₃ nanoparticles. The prepared PrFeO₃ nanoparticles were characterized using different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Thermo-gravimetric analysis data was employed for calcining the PrFeO₃ synthesis sample, and there was no weight loss (%) observed above 800°C. X-ray diffraction technique reviles the formation of single phase of PrFeO₃ with Orthorhombic crystal structure. Lattice parameters, dislocation density of the synthesized PrFeO₃ nanoparticle were also calculated using the X-ray diffraction data. The uniform spherical shaped particles were observed through scanning electron microscopy analysis and it average grain size was found to 350 nm. The calculated optical bandgap of PrFeO₃ nanoparticle was found to be 1.97 eV. X-ray photoluminescence spectra suggest that, the Pr is existing in +3 oxidation state and Fe is exist in mixed oxidation states (+2 and +3).</p>