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Abstract <p>In recent decades, bioengineering and regenerative medicine have shown significant progress in restoring lost teeth and tissue. The review is devoted to modern possibilities of bioengineering intervention in tooth regeneration, including advances in the field of stem cells, 3D printing, biomaterials, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. Embryonic mechanisms of tooth formation and key signaling pathways, such as BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins), FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factors), Wnt, and Shh (Sonic Hedgehog), are the basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies. One of the main directions is the use of different types of stem cells, including dental pulp cells (DPSCs), deciduous teeth (SHED), and periodontal cells (PDLSCs), as well as alternative sources, such as mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue. An important aspect is the use of innovative materials, such as biodegradable polymers, natural matrices, and nanostructured coatings, to create 3D scaffolds that support tissue growth. Particular attention is paid to molecular methods of intervention, including the use of growth factors (BMP-2, FGF-2, VEGF, TGF-β), gene therapy (e.g., using CRISPR/Cas9), and controlled gene expression, to activate odontogenesis. Prospects for creating teeth are being considered de novo and with dental organoids as are problems associated with the integration of regenerated tissues into the body, including issues of vascularization, innervation, and immunocompatibility. Important issues remain control over directed cell differentiation, the durability of regenerated teeth, and the ethical and legal aspects of using genetic engineering. Translation of these methods into clinical practice requires the integration of bioengineering, bioinformatics, materials science, and clinical dentistry as well as the development of clinical trials and appropriate legal regulation. In the coming decades, dental regeneration may become an important element of personalized medicine, which will require further improvement of technologies, testing of new biomaterials and more precise control of cellular processes, which will ultimately ensure the successful implementation of this approach in clinical practice.</p>

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Potential for Bioengineering Intervention in Tooth Regeneration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • A. B. Kazumova

摘要

Abstract

In recent decades, bioengineering and regenerative medicine have shown significant progress in restoring lost teeth and tissue. The review is devoted to modern possibilities of bioengineering intervention in tooth regeneration, including advances in the field of stem cells, 3D printing, biomaterials, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. Embryonic mechanisms of tooth formation and key signaling pathways, such as BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins), FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factors), Wnt, and Shh (Sonic Hedgehog), are the basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies. One of the main directions is the use of different types of stem cells, including dental pulp cells (DPSCs), deciduous teeth (SHED), and periodontal cells (PDLSCs), as well as alternative sources, such as mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue. An important aspect is the use of innovative materials, such as biodegradable polymers, natural matrices, and nanostructured coatings, to create 3D scaffolds that support tissue growth. Particular attention is paid to molecular methods of intervention, including the use of growth factors (BMP-2, FGF-2, VEGF, TGF-β), gene therapy (e.g., using CRISPR/Cas9), and controlled gene expression, to activate odontogenesis. Prospects for creating teeth are being considered de novo and with dental organoids as are problems associated with the integration of regenerated tissues into the body, including issues of vascularization, innervation, and immunocompatibility. Important issues remain control over directed cell differentiation, the durability of regenerated teeth, and the ethical and legal aspects of using genetic engineering. Translation of these methods into clinical practice requires the integration of bioengineering, bioinformatics, materials science, and clinical dentistry as well as the development of clinical trials and appropriate legal regulation. In the coming decades, dental regeneration may become an important element of personalized medicine, which will require further improvement of technologies, testing of new biomaterials and more precise control of cellular processes, which will ultimately ensure the successful implementation of this approach in clinical practice.