Abstract <p>The development of personalized approaches in the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient’s body, is an actively developing area of modern medicine. However, the transition to personalized medicine is not possible without the creation of relevant and patient-specific disease models. One of the trends in modern cell biology is the transition to the use of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, close in architecture to the tissues of the human body. Models based on such cultures are most physiologically adequate and are especially valuable when it is necessary to reproduce the functional characteristics of the patient’s tissue. One of these is the endometrium—the internal mucous membrane of the uterus, which ensures the onset and development of pregnancy. Unfortunately, effective treatment regimens have not yet been developed for many endometrial diseases, since the pathogenesis of endometrial dysfunctions is often poorly understood. In addition, the correction of such diseases, often requires a personalized approach. This review considers existing 3D cell models of human endometrium in vitro, as well as the prospects of their application for the development of personalized treatment methods in the field of gynecology and reproductology.</p>