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Abstract <p>S<InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_{0}\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m5--> </InlineEquation>ES (Supernovae and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_{0}\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m6--> </InlineEquation> for the Equation of State of dark energy) 2016–2022 <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(HVI\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m7--> </InlineEquation> data for classical Cepheids in the keystone galaxy NGC 4258 yield doubly discordant Wesenheit Leavitt functions: <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta W_{0,H-VI}=-0\overset{\textrm{m}}{.}13\pm 0\overset{\textrm{m}}{.}02\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m8--> </InlineEquation> (<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-0\overset{\textrm{m}}{.}17\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m9--> </InlineEquation> unweighted) and that is paired with the previously noted <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta W_{0,I-VI}\simeq-0\overset{\textrm{m}}{.}3\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m10--> </InlineEquation>, which in concert with complimentary evidence suggest the 2016 S<InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_{0}\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m11--> </InlineEquation>ES NGC 4258-anchored <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_{0}\pm\sigma_{H_{0}}\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m12--> </InlineEquation> warrants scrutiny (i.e., <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma_{H_{0}}/{H_{0}}\gtrsim 6\%\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m13--> </InlineEquation>). Cepheid distance uncertainties are further exacerbated by extinction law ambiguities endemic to such Leavitt relations (e.g., NGC 4258), particularly for comparatively obscured variables (e.g., <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta d\gtrsim 4\%\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m14--> </InlineEquation>, reddened Cepheid subsamples in the Milky Way, M 31, NGC 2442, NGC 4424, NGC 5643, NGC 7250). Lastly, during the analysis it was identified that the 2022 S<InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_{0}\)</EquationSource> <!--ASPBull2560020Majaess-m15--> </InlineEquation>ES database relays incorrect SMC Cepheid photometry.</p>

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Doubly Discordant S\(\boldsymbol{H_{0}}\)ES NGC 4258 Cepheid Relations (\(\boldsymbol{HVI}\)) and Impactful Extinction Laws

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • D. Majaess

摘要

Abstract

S \(H_{0}\) ES (Supernovae and \(H_{0}\) for the Equation of State of dark energy) 2016–2022 \(HVI\) data for classical Cepheids in the keystone galaxy NGC 4258 yield doubly discordant Wesenheit Leavitt functions: \(\Delta W_{0,H-VI}=-0\overset{\textrm{m}}{.}13\pm 0\overset{\textrm{m}}{.}02\) ( \(-0\overset{\textrm{m}}{.}17\) unweighted) and that is paired with the previously noted \(\Delta W_{0,I-VI}\simeq-0\overset{\textrm{m}}{.}3\) , which in concert with complimentary evidence suggest the 2016 S \(H_{0}\) ES NGC 4258-anchored \(H_{0}\pm\sigma_{H_{0}}\) warrants scrutiny (i.e., \(\sigma_{H_{0}}/{H_{0}}\gtrsim 6\%\) ). Cepheid distance uncertainties are further exacerbated by extinction law ambiguities endemic to such Leavitt relations (e.g., NGC 4258), particularly for comparatively obscured variables (e.g., \(\Delta d\gtrsim 4\%\) , reddened Cepheid subsamples in the Milky Way, M 31, NGC 2442, NGC 4424, NGC 5643, NGC 7250). Lastly, during the analysis it was identified that the 2022 S \(H_{0}\) ES database relays incorrect SMC Cepheid photometry.