Abstract <p>The papers examines the evolution of the Tsukanovka River floodplain in its deltaic zone over the Little Ice Age (LIA). The chronological reference of climate events is correlated with published data. The relative warming of events is estimated by broadleaf pollen sum. There were three periods of warming (13th, 16th, and 18th centuries), a cool period (14th century), and three cold periods (15th, 17th, and 19th centuries) during the LIA in southwestern Primorye. Warming played a major role in vegetation changes, while moisture availability was crucial for the evolution of floodplain landscapes. Accumulation of floodplain sediments in the deltaic zone of the Tsukanovka River began in the end of the Medieval Warm Period–beginning of the LIA. Floods of varying magnitude and duration played a major role in sedimentation. Summer floods were driven by typhoons and tropical and extratropical cyclones. The magnitude of spring floods depended on the amount of winter precipitation. The frequency of summer precipitation increased mainly during the LIA cold phases, when an East Asian summer monsoon was active. During warming, winter precipitation increased due to weakening of the winter phase of the East Asian monsoon. The frequency of the summer storm precipitation was the highest in the 14th–15th centuries, 17th century, and late 18th century–early 19th century. The floodplain experienced significant spring floods in the late 13th century, 16th century, and in the mid-18th century. Abundant and prolonged floods and freshets were the leading factor in the formation of the lithogenic base of the floodplain landscapes.</p>