Abstract <p>Sinapic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring compound containing phenolic acids found in plants such as grapefruit, oranges, cranberries, canola, mustard seeds, and rapeseed, and is present in human diets. Recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that SA possesses strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, SA strengthens memory, improves cognitive function, and exhibits activity that reduces microglial activation. With the increasing elderly population in developed countries, there has been a significant increase in the number of neurodegenerative diseases, posing a serious threat to human health. In the vast majority of common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, the causes are a variety of factors including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, misfolded protein accumulation, ion channel disorders, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Alzheimer’s disease affects one in ten people aged 65 and older, and its incidence increases with age. These diseases manifest as structural deficiencies and neuronal loss in specific neurons, and are characterized by progressive functional impairment in organs. Particularly affecting the elderly population, these diseases urgently require the discovery of alternative medicines that are more effective and have fewer side effects, after thoroughly investigating the causes of each disease, in addition to current treatments. This review aimed to highlight the potential role of the natural compound SA in the treatment of various neurodegenerative brain disorders and to reveal its multifaceted neuroprotective effects.</p>