Neuroprotective Effects of Microalga Desmodesmus arthrodesmiformis EM13 on 6-OHDA Induced Cell Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Microalgae are a potential source of various metabolites that have antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and anti-obesity effects. Among these effects, the neuroprotective potential of microalgae is less investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of the methanol extract of Desmodesmus arthrodesmiformis EM13 (DaMe) in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced SH-SY5Y cell model of Parkinson’s disease. SH-SY5Y cells pretreated with DaMe before 6-OHDA induction were analyzed for viability, caspase-3 activity, apoptosis, and expression of genes encoding B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and Catalase (CAT). Our results showed that exposure of SH-SY5Y to 6-OHDA led to oxidative stress and apoptosis, while pretreatment of neuronal cells with DaMe protected the cells from 6-OHDA induced apoptosis. 6-OHDA induced significant toxicity in the cells, which was abolished by pretreatment with DaMe. Caspase 3 activity and apoptosis rate were increased by 6-OHDA, while pretreatment with DaMe reversed these effects. 6-OHDA induction increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2, SOD-1 and CAT expression, which was significantly altered by DaMe. Diclofenac and quercetin, which were predominantly found in DaME, may play an important role in the neuroprotective effect of DaMe.The present study suggests that this extract may be used in the production of drugs and dietary supplements as a promising source for PD therapy.