Regulation of miR-590-5p on Neurological Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Its Biomarker Role in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurological degradation disease involving inflammation and oxidative stress. Although increasing attention has been paid to PD recently, the importance of prodromal PD (pPD) has not gotten enough attention. The expression and significance of miR-590-5p were evaluated in pPD and PD to reveal its function in disease development and disclose its potential regulatory mechanism. Serum miR-590-5p in healthy individuals (n = 55), pPD patients (n = 62), and PD patients (n = 68) was analyzed by PCR. The PD mice models were established by 30 mg/kg/day 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and the microglia were stimulated by 1 μg/mL LPS. The pro-inflammation cytokines were measured by ELISA, and the oxidative stress was evaluated by the activity of LDH, SOD, and ROS. Reduced miR-590-5p was observed in pPD and PD patients compared to the healthy and showed significant discriminating significance in both pPD and PD patients. A significant correlation of miR-590-5p with the increasing levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α of pPD and PD patients was observed. In PD mice, miR-590-5p was also downregulated and its overexpression could alleviate the increasing pro-inflammation cytokines, LDH, ROS, and decreasing SOD. Consistently in microglia, LPS induced significant inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which were reversed by miR-590-5p overexpression. Conclusion: miR-590-5p could act as a diagnostic indicator of both pPD and PD patients. miR-590-5p could regulate neurological inflammation and oxidative stress in PD, implying its potential in regulating PD development.