Thermal, Dielectric and AC Conductivity Studies of Alkaline Earth Borobismuthate Glasses Doped with Transition Metal Ions

Glasses containing compositions of BaO–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃–TMI (V₂O₅, MnO) were prepared and subjected to thorough analysis through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dielectric measurements and AC conductivity studies. The DSC investigations unveiled a noteworthy trend of an increase in TMI content correlated with a decrease in the glass transition temperature. Delving deeper into the properties of the prepared samples, the frequency dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss were explored. The investigation uncovered that AC conductivity experiences an augmentation at low and intermediate frequencies, plateauing at higher frequencies. Addition of TMI into the glass network induced a discernible rise in AC conductivity. Further investigation of the samples revealed a non-Debye behavior, a conclusion substantiated by the suppressed Cole–Cole plots and corroborated by electric modulus studies. Intriguingly, the addition of a minute concentration of TMI, whether it is vanadium or manganese, did not exert an influence on the relaxation time of ions. However, it exerts an impact on the dissipation energy of the samples, thus attesting to the nuanced and specific role played by TMI in modulating the electrical properties of the glass network.