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Abstract <p>The increasing intensity and frequency of heavy rainfall amid climate change in Moscow poses significant risks to the city’s economy. For the period 2021–2024, the average annual economic damage is estimated at 11 billion rubles (in 2024 prices). Adapting Moscow’s drainage system requires a spatially differentiated approach. The most effective strategy combines <i>gray</i> and <i>green</i> infrastructure. <i>Green</i> solutions help reduce peak loads while traditional engineering systems ensure reliable drainage. In the historic center and densely built areas, modernizing gray infrastructure plays a key role. In less densely developed areas with available open space, active implementation of green infrastructure elements is advisable. Universal measures include cleaning stormwater inlets, preventive flushing of internal storm sewer pipes, and litter control. Given the predominance of indirect effects, an integrated approach to managing Moscow’s drainage system is essential.</p>

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Estimating the Economic Damage from Heavy Rainfall in the Context of Climate Change in Moscow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • A. Yu. Kolpakov,
  • E. A. Lazeeva

摘要

Abstract

The increasing intensity and frequency of heavy rainfall amid climate change in Moscow poses significant risks to the city’s economy. For the period 2021–2024, the average annual economic damage is estimated at 11 billion rubles (in 2024 prices). Adapting Moscow’s drainage system requires a spatially differentiated approach. The most effective strategy combines gray and green infrastructure. Green solutions help reduce peak loads while traditional engineering systems ensure reliable drainage. In the historic center and densely built areas, modernizing gray infrastructure plays a key role. In less densely developed areas with available open space, active implementation of green infrastructure elements is advisable. Universal measures include cleaning stormwater inlets, preventive flushing of internal storm sewer pipes, and litter control. Given the predominance of indirect effects, an integrated approach to managing Moscow’s drainage system is essential.