Abstract <p>This study identifies factors that affect the target reproductive behavior of the Russian population. As a benchmark of target reproductive behavior, we used the expressed commitment to having three or more children. An econometric assessment of the factors that determine target reproductive behavior of the Russian population is provided with a breakdown into men and women. It is proved that reproductive attitudes, housing conditions, and income have the greatest impact on the formation of this behavior. Based on the identified factors, practical recommendations for increasing the birthrate in Russia are presented.</p>