Assessing the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Population and Economy’s Adaptation to Climate Change: Methodological Approaches and Limitations

The article extends and expands a series of publications in this journal in 2023 on the issues of adaptation of the population and economy to the impacts of climate variability and climate change impact. The factors of increased relevance and significance of developing methodology and methodological approaches, including principles, for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of adaptation measures are disclosed. The conceptual framework, criteria and substantiation for the typology of adaptation measures, and the main limitations of this assessment are considered.