Abstract <p>Fluorination of heterocyclic compounds in aqueous solutions is a rapidly developing field of organic synthesis. Water is a highly environmentally friendly solvent which possesses a number of important physicochemical properties for successful fluorination. The present review is aimed at summarizing the latest advances in the field of electrophilic and oxidative fluorination of heterocyclic compounds in aqueous medium. Particular attention is paid to reaction mechanisms and selectivity. The review focuses exclusively on aqueous systems and provides an in-depth analysis of this rapidly developing field.</p>