Electrochemical Carboxylation with CO₂ (A Review)

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a widespread, inexpensive, and renewable source of C1 carbon and the main component of greenhouse gases. Therefore, studies on its efficient conversion into useful products, corresponding to the principles of sustainable development, have received considerable attention in recent years. Electrochemical organic synthesis, as an environmentally friendly, mild, and selective approach, is considered an ideal tool for the utilization of CO₂ and its use as a reagent. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of electrocarboxylation involving CO₂ as a precursor in reactions of various types, which reveal a high potential of such transformations in the synthesis of green organics. Special attention is given to processes at the late stage of functionalization of complex molecules that are promising for use in pharmaceutical chemistry.