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Abstract <p> The goal of bone tissue engineering is to develop substitute materials that overcome the limitations of metallic orthopedic implants. Despite the remarkable and successful application of orthopedic surgery and bone replacement, persistent challenges arise from deep infection, double fracture, bone cancer, as well as the prevalence of osteoporosis and post-surgery infections. These complex damage and fractures in bone tissue, which leave remnant deformation, necessitate the development of synthesized biomaterials for bone replacement or repair. This study fabricated novel bio-nano composite bone scaffolds using two types of nanosized fillers: 8 mol % CaO–PSZ (partially stabilized zirconia) and TiO<sub>2</sub> (titanium dioxide) in an HDPE (high-density polyethylene) polymeric matrix. We generated the bio-nano composites using different compression pressures (29, 114 MPa) and a constant temperature of 150°C for 15 min, resulting in disk-shaped specimens with diameters of 14.7 mm and heights ranging from 7 to 10 mm. The primary objective was to identify the ideal mechanical and physical characteristics of the nanocomposite CaO–PSZ–TiO<sub>2</sub>/HDPE, which could serve as bone substitute materials in bone tissue engineering. We conducted characterization of the scaffolds using density and porosity for physical analysis, hardness and fracture strength for mechanical analysis, and X-ray diffraction for radiological analysis. The study confirmed that the hybrid bio-composites had good structural integrity, a uniform fibrous structure, and better mechanical properties when ceramic fillers and hot-press pressure were added. Furthermore, the (70% HDPE-15%TiO<sub>2</sub>–15%CaO–PSZ) recorded the highest fracture strength (24.02 MPa) at 86 MPA compression pressure, making this bio-nano composite ideal for bone substitutes.</p>

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of CaO–PSZ–TiO2/HDPE Hybrid Nano Biocomposite for Bone Reconstruction and Replacement Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Noor A. Al-Mohammedawi,
  • Jenan S. Kashaa,
  • Shihab A. Zaidan

摘要

Abstract

The goal of bone tissue engineering is to develop substitute materials that overcome the limitations of metallic orthopedic implants. Despite the remarkable and successful application of orthopedic surgery and bone replacement, persistent challenges arise from deep infection, double fracture, bone cancer, as well as the prevalence of osteoporosis and post-surgery infections. These complex damage and fractures in bone tissue, which leave remnant deformation, necessitate the development of synthesized biomaterials for bone replacement or repair. This study fabricated novel bio-nano composite bone scaffolds using two types of nanosized fillers: 8 mol % CaO–PSZ (partially stabilized zirconia) and TiO2 (titanium dioxide) in an HDPE (high-density polyethylene) polymeric matrix. We generated the bio-nano composites using different compression pressures (29, 114 MPa) and a constant temperature of 150°C for 15 min, resulting in disk-shaped specimens with diameters of 14.7 mm and heights ranging from 7 to 10 mm. The primary objective was to identify the ideal mechanical and physical characteristics of the nanocomposite CaO–PSZ–TiO2/HDPE, which could serve as bone substitute materials in bone tissue engineering. We conducted characterization of the scaffolds using density and porosity for physical analysis, hardness and fracture strength for mechanical analysis, and X-ray diffraction for radiological analysis. The study confirmed that the hybrid bio-composites had good structural integrity, a uniform fibrous structure, and better mechanical properties when ceramic fillers and hot-press pressure were added. Furthermore, the (70% HDPE-15%TiO2–15%CaO–PSZ) recorded the highest fracture strength (24.02 MPa) at 86 MPA compression pressure, making this bio-nano composite ideal for bone substitutes.