Abstract <p>The use of modern multifunctional biological agents as an alternative to chemicals contributes to increased soil biological activity and suppressiveness. This leads to a decrease in plant disease incidence, an improvement in the phytosanitary condition of agroecosystems, and an increase in yield. The research goal was to evaluate the efficacy of a new multirecycled granular preparation based on <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> T-36 in protecting spring wheat from diseases and enhancing soil suppressiveness in West Siberia. The tasks were solved on the T-36-based granular biologic prototype developing; 2 years field trials data summarizing, evaluating and statistically processing on phytoregulatory activity and field efficacy of T-36-based granular biologic prototype in spring soft wheat cultivation in West Siberia; qualitative and quantitative indices characterizing of soil microbiota from spring soft wheat rhizosphere in West Siberia conditions; total and induced soil suppressive activity on natural and artificial infection backgrounds with <i>T. asperellum</i> T-36 introduction estimating. In 2 series field trials the T-36-based granular biologic prototype demonstrated phytoregulatory activity: biometric indices of wheat plants development (survival rate, length of shoots and roots, their number, plant height and biomass, leaf area, stand density and bushiness, ear length, number of grains in ear and spikelets, grain weight and yield) under the prototype influence reliably (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) 1.2–1.4 times exceeded the control ones. No significant differences in phytoregulatory activity were found in comparison with the registered biologic Sternyphage, WP (wettable powder) as a template reference. Biological efficacy against soil pathogens was 33–56, 41–59%; in the development of leaf-stem infections 25–50, 30–98% for Sternyphage, WP and T-36-based granular biologic prototype respectively. In the phases of crop development from tube emergence to milk ripeness, the highest soil activity in rhizosphere under the prototype influence was reliably (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) 2 times higher than the control one. Soil homeostasis indirect evidence in spring soft wheat rhizosphere was obtained, represented by total soil microbiota representatives stability and the saprotrophs trophic group abundance and number stability during all phases of the main crop development as well. High total soil suppressiveness, as well as forming and strengthening of induced suppressiveness by protective biologics (T-36-based granular biologic prototype and Sternyphage, WP) application in all phases of wheat plants development, caused by high antagonists abundance and significant phytopathogens abundance decrease were shown. Successions were revealed in various phases of spring soft wheat holobiont development from 0 day up to the vegetation end, caused by the absence of significant similarity in rhizosphere microbiota complexes in dynamics.</p>

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A Novel Multirecycled Substrate-Based Biopreparation of Trichoderma asperellum for Protecting Spring Wheat from Diseases and Enhancing Soil Suppressiveness in West Siberia

  • Julia Titova

摘要

Abstract

The use of modern multifunctional biological agents as an alternative to chemicals contributes to increased soil biological activity and suppressiveness. This leads to a decrease in plant disease incidence, an improvement in the phytosanitary condition of agroecosystems, and an increase in yield. The research goal was to evaluate the efficacy of a new multirecycled granular preparation based on Trichoderma asperellum T-36 in protecting spring wheat from diseases and enhancing soil suppressiveness in West Siberia. The tasks were solved on the T-36-based granular biologic prototype developing; 2 years field trials data summarizing, evaluating and statistically processing on phytoregulatory activity and field efficacy of T-36-based granular biologic prototype in spring soft wheat cultivation in West Siberia; qualitative and quantitative indices characterizing of soil microbiota from spring soft wheat rhizosphere in West Siberia conditions; total and induced soil suppressive activity on natural and artificial infection backgrounds with T. asperellum T-36 introduction estimating. In 2 series field trials the T-36-based granular biologic prototype demonstrated phytoregulatory activity: biometric indices of wheat plants development (survival rate, length of shoots and roots, their number, plant height and biomass, leaf area, stand density and bushiness, ear length, number of grains in ear and spikelets, grain weight and yield) under the prototype influence reliably (p ≤ 0.05) 1.2–1.4 times exceeded the control ones. No significant differences in phytoregulatory activity were found in comparison with the registered biologic Sternyphage, WP (wettable powder) as a template reference. Biological efficacy against soil pathogens was 33–56, 41–59%; in the development of leaf-stem infections 25–50, 30–98% for Sternyphage, WP and T-36-based granular biologic prototype respectively. In the phases of crop development from tube emergence to milk ripeness, the highest soil activity in rhizosphere under the prototype influence was reliably (p ≤ 0.01) 2 times higher than the control one. Soil homeostasis indirect evidence in spring soft wheat rhizosphere was obtained, represented by total soil microbiota representatives stability and the saprotrophs trophic group abundance and number stability during all phases of the main crop development as well. High total soil suppressiveness, as well as forming and strengthening of induced suppressiveness by protective biologics (T-36-based granular biologic prototype and Sternyphage, WP) application in all phases of wheat plants development, caused by high antagonists abundance and significant phytopathogens abundance decrease were shown. Successions were revealed in various phases of spring soft wheat holobiont development from 0 day up to the vegetation end, caused by the absence of significant similarity in rhizosphere microbiota complexes in dynamics.