Phosphorus-Containing Alkynes in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds (A Review)

Phosphorus-substituted heterocycles are an important class of organophosphorus compounds that are widely used in the drug development, agrochemistry, materials science, and organic synthesis as ligands for transition metal complexes. Much attention is paid to the development of methods for the synthesis of such compounds. To date, two main strategies for the synthesis of phosphorus-substituted heterocycles have been developed: (1) direct phosphorylation of the heterocycle and (2) heterocyclization with the participation of organophosphorus synthons, in particular compounds with a C_sp–P bond (P-alkynes). This review analyzes data on the synthetic potential of P-alkynes for the construction of various heterocyclic systems, including pyrazoles, oxazoles, thia(dia)zoles, triazoles, pyridines and pyrimidines, quinolines, as well as (poly)fused systems. Achievements in this field of synthesis of phosphorus-containing heterocyclic compounds, advantages and limitations of the approaches used for 1980–2023 are presented.