Abstract <p>The review summarizes the results of research on Sosnowsky’s hogweed processing with the view of extraction of chemical compounds having a raw-material potential for various industrial applications. The presence of carboxylic acids in Sosnowsky’s hogweed makes it suitable for the creation of plant growth stimulants, that of aldehydes and alcohols, for production of selective herbicides, and the presence of coumarins and furocoumarins, for creation of plant protection products with fungicidal, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activity and of anthelmintics. Of greatest interest from the medical and the pharmaceutical industry viewpoint are furanocoumarins (a class of phenolic compounds, coumarin derivatives) isolated from Sosnowsky’s hogweed, which possess antitumor activity and have a potential for application in PUVA therapy, for the treatment of vitiligo and psoriasis. The photosensitizing effect of Sosnowsky’s hogweed furanocoumarins is also of interest for the development of means of disinfecting objects and premises. In the food industry, the presence of low-methoxyl pectic substances in the composition of hogweed provides an opportunity for producing thickeners, and that of sucrose, white sugar on its basis. The high content of cellulose in the biomass of Sosnowsky’s hogweed makes it a valuable raw material for the pulp and paper industry. The chemical composition of Sosnowsky’s hogweed opens up the possibility of producing polymers and composites, as well as flotation reagents on its basis. Considering large biomass of Sosnowsky’s hogweed, its use for energy production, in particular, for obtaining biofuel, is proposed. Heat-insulating composite building mixtures and materials based on modified Sosnovsky’s hogweed can find a wide range of applications in construction.</p>