Innovative Nanoformulation Strategies of Hesperetin and Hesperidin: Pioneering Advances in Pharmaceutical Applications (A Review)

Natural products and their main substances are used to treat various health disorders. Flavonoids, a significant group of natural compounds with considerable pharmacological effects, are underutilized due to their rapid metabolism, restricted absorption, and low solubility in water. The development of novel technologies such as nanocarriers is crucial for addressing this issue and enhancing bioavailability. Hesperetin (Hst) and hesperidin (Hes) are flavanones that have promising antimicrobial, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. This paper discusses numerous approaches to the delivery of Hst and Hes-loaded nanoformulations (liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, hybrid nanoparticles, nanocrystals, ethosomes, and nanogels) along with the many pharmacological properties that these nanoparticles possess primarily anticancer and antibacterial capabilities.