Nanoniosomes: Preparation, Characterization, and Insights into the Skin Cancer Therapy (A Review)

The skin cancer (mostly of melanoma cells) rate has increased in recent years due to genetic and epigenetic reasons. The efficient treatment of skin cancer is an unmet requirement to achieve specific anticancer activity, reduction of the costs and side effects, and precluding resistance of cancer cells. Hence, employment of proper nanocarriers is promising. Niosomal delivery of loaded drugs or compounds is preffered for skin cancer therapy considering targeted delivery, scalability, biocompatibility, stability and high loading capacity, efficiently killing skin tumor cells. The niosomal formulation of natural and synthetic agents has increased the anticancer and antimicrobial effects on the skin surface. Moreover, niosomal formulation of drugs/compounds have significantly decreased the effective dose or concentration and also mitigated side effects. The stable structure, minimized drug leakage, and efficient delivery to the target tissues can be achieved using niosomal formulation. Future studies will contribute to a deeper understanding and development of more stable nanocarriers, such as combining hybrid niosomes with stabilizing substances such as salts and organic structures for effective drug delivery.